Asian Journal of Pediatric Research

Cerebral Palsy Associated with Global Developmental Delay Following Significant Perinatal Risk Factors: A Case Report

R. Nayana — 2026-07-08

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive neurodevelopmental disorder caused by injury to the developing fetal or infant brain and is commonly associated with motor impairment and developmental delay. Antenatal, perinatal and neonatal complications are recognised risk factors that contribute to its development. Early identification of affected children is important for timely intervention and long-term management.

Case Presentation: A two-year-old male child presented with recurrent jerky movements, fever and vomiting. He had significant antenatal, perinatal and neonatal risk factors, including low birth weight, absent end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery, fetal distress, prolonged neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission requiring continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) support, and a history of neonatal seizure. Developmental assessment revealed delays across multiple domains, and neurological examination demonstrated hyperreflexia with impaired motor function. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis, fundoscopic examination and electroencephalography were unremarkable. Based on the clinical findings and associated risk factors, a clinical diagnosis of cerebral palsy associated with global developmental delay was made. Symptomatic improvement was observed following treatment, and the child was referred for further paediatric neurological evaluation.

Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of careful developmental surveillance in children with significant antenatal, perinatal and neonatal risk factors. Early recognition of developmental delays and neurological abnormalities can facilitate timely diagnosis and appropriate management. The absence of neuroimaging and standardised developmental assessment represents a limitation of this report.

Maternal Knowledge, Attitudes, and Management Practices Concerning Infantile Colic among Mothers in Thamar, Yemen

Abdulkareem A. Al-Shameri — 2026-07-09

Background: Infantile colic is a common benign condition during early infancy, characterised by excessive and inconsolable crying in an otherwise healthy infant. Although it is self-limiting, infantile colic can cause significant anxiety, exhaustion, and psychological distress among mothers and caregivers. Maternal awareness and appropriate management practices are important to reduce unnecessary medication use, harmful traditional practices, and parental stress.

Objective: This study aimed to assess maternal awareness, knowledge, and management practices regarding infantile colic among mothers attending the Paediatric Department at Al-Wahdah Teaching Hospital, Thamar University, Yemen.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 mothers who had infants aged 1–6 months and attended the paediatric department for consultation, emergency care, or ward services. Data were collected through direct interviews using a structured questionnaire that assessed sociodemographic characteristics, maternal knowledge, sources of information, beliefs about infantile colic, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological management practices. Infantile colic symptoms were assessed according to modified Wessel criteria. Data were analysed using SPSS software.

Results: Among the 300 participating mothers, most were aged 21–30 years. Nearly half of the mothers (132 participants) had no previous knowledge about infantile colic. Family and friends were the most common source of information, followed by healthcare providers. A statistically significant relationship was found between maternal age and knowledge about infantile colic. Only 8.7% of infants met all Wessel criteria for infantile colic. Many mothers believed that colic attacks could be affected by maternal diet, lack of warmth, and formula feeding. Commonly used non-pharmacological practices included holding the baby upright during feeding, back massage, swaddling, placing the baby in a quiet room, and changing the mother’s diet during breastfeeding. Regarding pharmacological practices, most mothers reported that they did not give herbs or medications unless advised by a doctor. However, gripe water, simethicone drops, hyoscine drops, and traditional herbal remedies were still reported by some mothers as preferred treatments.

Conclusion: The study showed that a considerable proportion of mothers had inadequate knowledge about infantile colic. Maternal age was significantly associated with knowledge level. Although many mothers practiced some appropriate soothing methods, misconceptions and reliance on non-medical sources of information were common. Health education programmemes are needed to improve maternal awareness about the benign and self-limiting nature of infantile colic, its possible causes, warning signs, and safe management practices. Education should be provided during maternal and child health visits, pediatric outpatient consultations, and through community health campaigns.

Use of Methylprednisolone Pulses as Rescue Therapy in Neonates with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A 2-year Follow-up

Bhavya Kukreja — 2026-07-18

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a significant morbidity among extremely preterm neonates requiring prolonged respiratory support. Although dexamethasone is commonly used, evidence on methylprednisolone pulse therapy in evolving BPD remains limited.

Aim: To describe the clinical outcomes and short-term neurodevelopmental follow-up of preterm neonates with BPD treated with intravenous methylprednisolone pulses in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit.

Methods: This case series included four extremely preterm infants (25–27+6 weeks of gestation) diagnosed with evolving BPD requiring prolonged ventilatory or non-invasive respiratory support. All patients had received prior low-dose dexamethasone (DART regimen) before receiving intravenous methylprednisolone pulses at a dose of 300 mg/m²/day for three consecutive days. Clinical outcomes included successful extubation, duration of respiratory support and survival. Neurodevelopmental assessments were performed using the Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination (HNNE), Prechtl General Movements Assessment, Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE), and Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Fourth Edition (BSID-IV), at corrected age.

Results: All four infants showed improvement in respiratory status following methylprednisolone therapy, with successful weaning from mechanical ventilation or non-invasive ventilation. Three infants survived without significant neurodevelopmental impairment at 2-year follow-up, whereas one infant died at 2.5 years of age due to respiratory infection. BSID-IV scores remained within acceptable developmental ranges across cognitive, language and motor domains in the survivors.

Conclusion: Intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy may be associated with improved respiratory outcomes in selected preterm infants with severe evolving BPD. However, given the limited sample size, conclusions regarding safety and efficacy remain preliminary and require validation in larger controlled studies.